Pipe Fittings: Various aspects of Using them

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Pipe Fittings: Various aspects of Using them

    Pipe fitting is meant for plumbing and piping 

system which is used in commercial and industrial industries. Fitting helps pipes to be joined properly so 

as to close them wherever required. These fittings can be found in market in different sizes and shapes. 

Besides, they can demand more time and can be expensive. They use distinct tools and materials to join and 

install. If you are working with plumbing or piping, then it is very essential to use pipe fitting.

    There is an assortment of fitting available in market. All pipes require a unique type of fitting but 

there are certain common features which are shared by all type of pipe fittings. Wherever materials for 

plumbing are sold, you can easily and conveniently find pipe fittings.

    How to connect pipe fittings with the pipe?
You can find pipe fittings in two varieties, female fittings and male fittings. The female threads are 

there on the inner side in a threaded pipe fitting. Street fittings are those having a male and a female 

end. Tube and pipes can be connected using pipe fittings in two ways:

    Threading
Threaded pipes are twisted together for joining them. In most cases, metal pipes have threaded fittings.

    Slip fit
Sleeves are used with slip fit pipes and they slip into each other. Generally, plastic pipes are slip fit 

but they can also be threaded.

    What criteria should be considered in selection of pipe fitting?

    There are certain factors to be considered while selecting pipe fitting:

    Types of connection
While you are embarking on the journey of buying pipe fittings, you must keep in mind that there are two 

types of connectors. It may be that one end is female threaded while the other female slip. Or it may be 

that one end is male slip while the other end is threaded when you are talking about plastic fittings. 

Besides, they are also available with matching ends, which can house all requirements.

    Construction materials
It is a common phenomenon that the pipe fitting material should be same as the material used in the pipe. 

Nevertheless, at times, certain materials can also be used in pipes of made of any material.

    Checking it for flow
In comparison to the rest of the pipe fitting, the end of the fitting should be made a bit larger in order 

to keep it flowing consistently. It will help in accommodation of the connection without causing damage to 

the pipe’s inner diameter.

    Fitting type
In addition to the material of the pipe, the type of fitting should also be taken care of, which include 

threaded or slip fitting and male or female fit.

    Size
Pipe fittings size is measured in different ways at the outside and inside end. The outside edge of the 

pipe fittings are measured in cases of male threaded fittings while in case of female threaded fittings, 

size is measure from inside edge of the inlet.

    Design
Different pipes are designed to carry different fluids like gases, liquid or chemicals. In accordance to 

the purpose of the pipe, there are varied pipe fitting designs available.

    Thickness
Pipe fittings are also available in different thickness same as pipes.

    Codes and standards
Various organizations have set different standards in accordance of which pipe fittings are graded. Some of 

those standards associated with pipe fittings are ASTM, BSP, and ASME.

    What are the main uses of ppr pipe fittings?

    Ppr pipe fittings  are the most commonly used 

materials in home decoration, and their capabilities are not small, such as water supply, hot water pipe 

systems, heating pipe systems and air conditioning pipes. Engineering hot water is generally directly 

related to the use of ppr pipe fittings, which are more stable, safe, easy to install, and cost-effective. 

Engineering hot water ppr pipe fittings can also be hidden. When the concealed pipe penetrates the wall, in 

order to ensure the safety, service life and maintenance of the pipe, a metal sleeve can be installed to 

ensure the installation of ppr pipe fittings.
In installation engineering, ppr pipe fittings have the advantage of hot-melt connection. Pipes and pipe 

fittings are welded by temperature heating, so that water is not easy to leak, but the heating temperature 

and time need to be accurate and not too long. If the temperature is too high for too long, the pipes and 

fittings will be damaged by hot melt. If the time is too short and the temperature is too low, the pipes 

and fittings will be unstable and easy to burst.

    Nowadays,  ppr pipe fittings are becoming more and more popular in society, involving water supply, 

sewage, irrigation, gas transmission and other uses. Due to its own advantages and characteristics, it can 

stand out in the pipeline market and occupy a very important position.
PPR is a random copolymer polypropylene. In winter, the flexibility of PPR water pipes will decrease, while 

the rigidity will increase and flatten. If the pipe is impacted by an external force, the surface of the 

pipe will crack more seriously.
Therefore, ppr pipe fittings manufacturers suggest that when we use or install ppr pipe fittings in winter, 

we need to be more careful to prevent pipe collisions and littering. Caring for the pipeline means caring 

for our own water consumption.

    Get to Know About PPR Pipe

    Introduction

    PPR pipe  as a common pipeline water supply system 

is widely used in various construction industries, including residential domestic piping systems, hotels 

and shopping mall plumbing projects, etc...

        So how much do you know the PPR pipe you are using? How do you select the best PPR pipe or fitting 

for your project? Through this article, let get to know about PPR pipe!
    
        What's PPR pipe?
    
        PPR pipes are a new type of  environmentally friendly pipes, which also represent the development 

direction of  drainage pipes  in the future.
So what is PPR means? PPR is a random  co-polymer polypropylene, which is formed by random co-

polymerization of propensity monomer and a small amount of ethylene monomer under the action of heat, 

pressure and catalyst.
The ethylene monomer is randomly distributed in the long chain of propensity, and the ethylene monomer is 

generally controlled between 3-5%. The ethylene content and the polymerization method of ethylene and 

propensity determine its cold brittleness.
Therefore, in winter, the  flexibility of the PPR pipe  will decrease, while rigidity will increase and 

flatten. If the pipe is impacted by an external force, the surface of the pipe will crack more seriously.
    
        Types of PPR pipe
    
        RIFENG as a  global piping supplier  and manufacturer, devoted to improving product quality and 

practicality. To meet the needs of global piping solutions, RIFENG has also developed the following new 

products, such as Basalt Fiber PPR Pipe, Anti-freeze PPR Pipe, etc... which can be used in each piping 

application.
Do you know these types of PPR pipes?   Keep reading！

        #Glass Fiber Composite PPR Pipe
    
        RIFENG/RIIFO Glass Fiber Composite PPR Pipe consists of PPR inner and outer layers and a special 

mixture of Glass Fiber (GF) and PPR in the middle layer. It increases the rigidity of the pipe, improves 

the strength of the pipe, and reduces the linear expansion coefficient of the pipe.
    
        Advantage of Glass Fiber Composite PPR pipe:
    
        Low linear expansion coefficient (0,05mm/mK）, long-term high-temperature operation without fear of 

deformation.
    
        Three-layer structure design, stable and reliable, strongly isolate light to ensure clean water.
    
        Excellent resistance to oxidation & corrosion, extraordinary chemical stability.
    
        Upgraded temperature and pressure resistance, the strength of the pipe exceeds the standard value 

by 80%, and the instantaneous working temperature up to 95℃.
    
        Thermoplastic composite pipe on the rise in the deep sea
    
        Visit the news pages of the Airborne Oil & Gas (AOG, IJmuiden, Netherlands) and Magma Global Ltd. 

(Portsmouth, U.K.) websites and you’ll come away with the impression that 2018 was a watershed year for 

these two leading manufacturers of thermoplastic 

composite pipe (TCP) for deep-sea applications. But don’t be surprised if 2019 news about this 

burgeoning market for composites eclipses that of the preceding year.
    
        A few notable achievements of 2018 for AOG: In June, the company commenced a qualification program 

for carbon fiber/polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) risers (pipes connecting subsea production systems and 

surface production vessels) for a major operator in South America. AOG worked in collaboration with Subsea 

7 (Luxembourg), a major offshore installation contractor, on this project. In August, after an extensive 

five-year qualification program followed by the world’s first pilot installation on hydrocarbon (full well 

bore) service of a glass fiber/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) flowline (pipe that connects the well head 

to further processing equipment),  Petronas (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) recognized AOG’s TCP flowline as 

having achieved technology readiness level 6 (beta prototype verification). “And we expect to reach TRL 7 

[pilot system demonstration] in 2019,” reports Martin Van Onna, AOG CCO. Along with these successful 

qualifications and pilot programs, AOG reports a growing commercial track record, especially with its glass 

fiber/HDPE TCP.
    
        As for Magma, 2018 was equally eventful. In March, Tullow Ghana awarded a contract to Magma for a 

2.5-kilometer flowline for its development of Tweneboa, Enyenra, Ntomme (TEN) offshore fields. In May, 

working with Ocyan (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), an offshore services company, Magma completed and received 

third-party validation of a Composite Multi-Bore Hybrid Riser (CMHR) design that employs Magma’s carbon 

fiber/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) m-pipe. Magma and Ocyan are bidding the CMHR for deep-water developments 

in Brazil. Magma announced in August that a joint initiative with Equinor (Stavanger, Norway) had secured 

￡10.5 million in funding from Innovate UK, a government funding source, to qualify an all-Magma solution 

for jumpers (pipes that connect flowlines and/or subsea facilities). Finally, in November, the Energy 

Institute (London, U.K.) bestowed its 2018 Award for Innovation to Magma for its m-pipe, citing the pipe’s 

ability to solve the challenges of oil and gas production in deepwater reserves, as well as its ability to 

be reused.
    
        Valves - Choosing Between Ductile and Cast Iron
    
        Customers from all kinds of industries need valves of all varieties for their high-demand 

processes. Valves are available in a huge number of materials for any 

application imaginable. A few of these materials are PVC, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and 

ductile iron. In this post we will focus on two of those materials: ductile iron and cast iron. The 

argument of "ductile vs. cast iron valves" has been going on for decades, as not everyone knows 

the differences.
    
        Luckily, comparing valves made of ductile iron and cast iron is simple, as these materials have 

just a few major differences. We will outline properties of both materials and then go through the pros and 

cons of each. By the end of this blog post, you will be an iron expert!
    
        Cast Iron Valves Specifications
    
        Cast iron  (also known as gray iron) is a type of metal that has been in use for hundreds of years. 

It is an alloy made from 96%-98% iron, 2%-4% carbon, and small amounts of silicone. It has impressive 

temperature tolerance, with some cast iron capable of handling temperatures over 2100F (1150C). When it 

comes to pressure, cast iron's strength depends on its pressure class. The two most common are class 

125 and class 250. At less extreme temperatures, class 125 cast iron flange is rated for pressures between 

150 and 200 psi. Class 250 cast iron is a bit tougher, with pressure ratings from 300 to 500 psi. These 

pressures can vary by end type.
    
        Cast iron is strong and will usually go undamaged even after going through intense vibrations. The 

main drawback of cast iron valves is that they are not very ductile at all. Virtually any bending will 

cause cast iron to crack and become useless. One great quality of cast iron is that it is not very 

expensive. As far as metals go, cast iron is usually the most economical option, which makes it a solid 

alternative for people on a budget.
    
        Ductile Valves Specifications
    
        The second material we're looking at is  ductile iron. Ductile iron is a more modern iron alloy 

that is made with nodule-shaped graphite. This gives the material excellent ductility, so it will not 

necessarily break when bent. The temperature limit is a bit lower than cast iron, but it is still quite 

high at 1350F (730C). When it comes to pressure, ductile iron valves also use pressure classes: 150 and 

300. At standard outdoor temperatures, class 150 ductile iron keeps a seal up to 250 psi. Class 300 can 

stand up to pressures as high as 640 psi.
    
        Ductile iron has excellent corrosion resistance, tensile strength, and yield strength. Unlike cast 

iron, ductile iron does not break when it is bent, so it is more suited for high demand applications. 

Ductile iron is a strong and reliable material for pipes, fittings, and valves. One drawback is price. 

Ductile iron is typically more expensive than cast iron due to its more complicated chemical makeup. If 

your application requires a tougher material, however, you may need to spend a little more.